Browse Research Peptides

BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a protective protein found in gastric juice. It has been extensively studied for its potential regenerative and protective properties in various tissue types.

TB-500 is the N-terminally acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Ac-LKKTETQ, CAS 885340-08-9), identified analytically in TB-500 product by HPLC/high-resolution MS (PMID 22962027). It is studied for tissue repair, cell migration, and blood vessel formation. Product content is not reliable: a 2023 analysis of TB500/TB1000 sold online found contents inconsistent with the label, including full-length 43-residue thymosin beta-4 in place of the heptapeptide (PMID 36482504).

Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin receptor agonist. It stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland without significantly affecting cortisol or prolactin levels.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) with a Drug Affinity Complex that extends its half-life significantly compared to native GHRH.

Semax is a synthetic peptide derived from adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). It was developed in Russia as a nootropic and neuroprotective agent with applications in cognitive enhancement research.

Selank is a synthetic peptide analog of the endogenous tetrapeptide tuftsin. It was developed in Russia for its anxiolytic and nootropic properties and has been studied for effects on stress response and cognitive function.

GHRP-6 is a synthetic hexapeptide that stimulates growth hormone release through the ghrelin receptor. It was one of the first growth hormone releasing peptides developed.

GHRP-2 is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release through the ghrelin receptor. It is considered one of the most potent GHRPs for GH stimulation.

Hexarelin is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue and one of the most potent GHRPs. It has been studied for cardioprotective effects in addition to GH release properties.

Sermorelin is a synthetic analog of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) containing the first 29 amino acids, which represent the active portion of the natural hormone.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic peptide that acts on melanocortin receptors. It was developed from the tanning peptide Melanotan II and has been studied for sexual dysfunction.

Melanotan II is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. It was developed for research into tanning, sexual function, and appetite regulation.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. It has been extensively studied for wound healing, skin rejuvenation, and tissue remodeling.

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide based on the natural peptide Epithalamin produced by the pineal gland. It has been studied for effects on telomerase activity and longevity.

LL-37 is a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. It has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory properties.

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue that modulates immune function. It is approved in several countries for immune deficiency conditions and as an adjuvant therapy.

DSIP is a neuropeptide that was originally isolated from rabbit brain during slow-wave sleep. It has been studied for effects on sleep, stress response, and hormonal regulation.

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 176-191) that has been studied for its effects on fat metabolism without the growth-promoting effects of full GH.

Tesamorelin is a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analog. It is FDA-approved for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.

Dihexa is a synthetic peptide derivative of angiotensin IV that has been studied for potent nootropic and neuroprotective effects. It is reported to be extremely potent in promoting cognitive function.

SNAP-8 is a synthetic peptide designed to reduce wrinkles by modulating neuromuscular junction activity. It is an extension of the hexapeptide Argireline.

FOXO4-DRI is a senolytic peptide designed to selectively induce apoptosis in senescent cells by disrupting the FOXO4-p53 interaction.

MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide that plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. It is encoded in the mitochondrial genome and affects insulin sensitivity and cellular metabolism.

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays a central role in regulating the reproductive hormone axis. It is the endogenous ligand for the GPR54 receptor.

TB4-FRAG (Ac-SDKP) is a tetrapeptide fragment of Thymosin Beta-4. It has been studied for anti-fibrotic and cardioprotective effects.

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist that mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1, regulating blood glucose levels, appetite, and body weight through multiple metabolic pathways.

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist with 97% amino acid sequence homology to native GLP-1, modified with a palmitic acid chain for extended duration of action, used in research for diabetes and obesity.

Teduglutide is a GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2) analog that promotes intestinal mucosal growth and function, FDA-approved for short bowel syndrome research and treatment.

Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 receptor agonist, providing synergistic metabolic effects for diabetes and obesity research.

Retatrutide is a first-in-class triple hormone receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously, producing the most profound metabolic effects seen in obesity research to date.

KPV is a naturally-occurring tripeptide derived from the C-terminus of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory effects independent of melanocortin receptor activation.

Orforglipron is an oral, non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly and approved by the FDA in April 2026 as Foundayo for chronic weight management. It enables once-daily oral dosing of a small molecule that mimics incretin hormone activity, without the food and water restrictions of oral peptide GLP-1 drugs.

Survodutide is a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma, investigated for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

Cagrilintide is a long-acting acylated amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk, designed for once-weekly subcutaneous administration and studied both as monotherapy and in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) for obesity and type 2 diabetes management.

Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist based on an oxyntomodulin analog, developed by Innovent Biologics in partnership with Eli Lilly, and the first drug of its class to receive regulatory acceptance for obesity in China.

Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide preparation derived from purified porcine brain proteins, consisting of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids that mimic the action of endogenous neurotrophic factors.

Follistatin 344 is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that functions as a potent inhibitor of myostatin, activin, and other members of the TGF-beta superfamily. It has been extensively studied for its role in promoting skeletal muscle growth and as a gene therapy candidate for muscular dystrophy.

IGF-1 LR3 is a modified form of insulin-like growth factor-1 with an arginine substitution at position 3 and a 13-amino acid N-terminal extension, designed to have reduced binding to IGF-binding proteins, which increases its free, biologically active fraction and potency.

Thymulin is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone produced by thymic epithelial cells that plays a central role in T-cell differentiation, immune regulation, and the neuroendocrine-immune axis.

Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary, playing critical roles in social bonding, maternal behavior, and neuromodulation of emotional and cognitive processes.

Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of the pancreatic hormone amylin, originally FDA-approved in 2005 as adjunctive therapy to mealtime insulin for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Note: All Symlin formulations were discontinued from the US market in 2025 (NDA 021332).

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic, cell-permeable tetrapeptide that targets the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds the phospholipid cardiolipin. It is studied as a mitochondrial bioenergetics agent and was approved by the FDA in 2025 for Barth syndrome under the brand name Forzinity.

CagriSema is an investigational fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analog, and semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, co-administered once weekly and studied in Phase 3 trials for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

MK-677 (ibutamoren) is an orally active, non-peptide small molecule agonist of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) that stimulates endogenous growth hormone and IGF-1 secretion, studied in randomized trials in older adults, obesity, and sleep research.

Mod GRF 1-29 is a tetrasubstituted analog of GRF(1-29), the shortest fully active fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone, engineered for enzymatic stability; it is identical to the peptide core of CJC-1295 but lacks the Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) albumin-binding linker.

Melanotan I (afamelanotide) is a linear alpha-MSH analog with predominant melanocortin-1 receptor activity, FDA-approved in 2019 as Scenesse, a 16 mg subcutaneous implant, to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria.

Eloralintide (LY3841136) is a once-weekly, AMY1R-selective amylin receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly for obesity, with Phase 2 weight loss of 9% to 20% at 48 weeks.

Bioglutide (NA-931) is an oral compound described by sponsor Biomed Industries as a quadruple receptor agonist (IGF-1, GLP-1, GIP, glucagon) for obesity. It has no peer-reviewed publications and no disclosed molecular structure.

Adipotide (FTPP, prohibitin-TP01) is a chimeric peptidomimetic that targets the blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue and triggers their apoptosis, producing rapid fat loss in obese primates but with dose-dependent renal effects.

ARA-290 (cibinetide) is an 11-amino-acid peptide engineered from erythropoietin that activates the innate repair receptor, producing tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory effects without stimulating red blood cell production.

Glutathione is an endogenous tripeptide (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) that functions as the principal intracellular antioxidant in human cells, researched via oral, liposomal, intravenous, and intranasal routes.

Humanin is a 24-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome (MT-RNR2) with cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic activity studied mainly in Alzheimer's disease and aging research.

Klotho is a 1012-amino-acid transmembrane protein encoded by an aging-suppressor gene; its shed extracellular domain circulates like a hormone and is studied in aging, cognition, and phosphate biology.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide that signals through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors; its synthetic form, aviptadil, has reached randomized human trials in lung disease and critical COVID-19.

PEG-MGF is a PEGylated form of mechano growth factor, the 24-amino acid E-peptide encoded by the IGF-1Ec splice variant of the IGF-1 gene, studied for its effects on muscle satellite cells.

PNC-27 is a 32-amino acid chimeric peptide combining the HDM-2-binding domain of p53 with a cell-penetrating leader sequence, designed to lyse cancer cells by binding HDM-2 on their membranes.

PTD-DBM is a 25-amino acid fusion peptide designed to reactivate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hair follicles by competitively disrupting the CXXC5-Dishevelled interaction.

AHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-3) is the copper complex of the tripeptide Ala-His-Lys, a synthetic analog of GHK-Cu studied for hair follicle and skin applications.

Thymalin is a polypeptide complex isolated from calf thymus, developed in the Khavinson bioregulator program and registered as an immunomodulatory drug in Russia. It is studied for T-cell restoration, cytokine modulation, and geroprotection.

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson bioregulator program, studied as a neuroprotective agent that interacts directly with DNA and modulates gene expression in neuronal cells.

Cardiogen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg) bioregulator from the Khavinson research program, investigated in preclinical models for effects on cardiac cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation, and age-related myocardial change.

Cartalax is a synthetic tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp) from the Khavinson bioregulator program, assigned to cartilage and connective tissue and studied mainly in cell-culture models of aging and chondrogenic differentiation.

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) built from amino acid analysis of the bovine brain cortex preparation Cortexin, studied in nerve regeneration and cerebral ischemia models.

Livagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala) developed as the liver-directed member of the Khavinson bioregulator family, studied in hepatocyte culture, digestive enzyme, and chromatin research.

Ovagen is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Leu) from the Khavinson bioregulator family. Marketed as a liver and GI peptide, its entire PubMed-indexed primary research record concerns kidney endpoints in rats.

Prostamax is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro) described as prostate-directed in the Khavinson bioregulator literature, with published evidence limited to organotypic culture and lymphocyte chromatin studies.

Testagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly) of the Khavinson bioregulator class, studied in hypophysectomized bird models for pituitary-thyroid axis effects. No human trials exist.

Vilon is a synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu, KE) identified as an active constituent of the thymus polypeptide complex Thymalin, studied for T-cell differentiation and cytokine modulation.

Vesugen is a synthetic tripeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp, KED) of the Khavinson bioregulator class, studied as a vascular endothelial regulator with mostly in vitro and animal evidence.

Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) is an endogenous diketopiperazine metabolite of IGF-1 that regulates IGF-1 bioavailability and is studied for neuroprotection and stroke recovery.

Adamax is an unofficial, vendor-market derivative of the Russian nootropic peptide Semax with N-terminal acetylation and a C-terminal adamantane group. No peer-reviewed study of Adamax itself has been published.

Adalank (N-acetyl Selank amidate) is a vendor-market derivative of the Russian anxiolytic peptide Selank with acetyl and amide end caps. No peer-reviewed study of Adalank itself has been published.

N-Acetyl Semax Amidate is a doubly end-capped derivative of Semax (Ac-MEHFPGP-NH2) catalogued in PubChem but never tested in a published study. What is known about it is inferred from Semax pharmacology.

Omberacetam (Noopept, GVS-111) is a Russian-developed dipeptide mimetic of piracetam with nootropic and neuroprotective properties, studied in one comparative human trial and an extensive preclinical program.

P21 (P021) is an adamantane-containing CNTF mimetic peptide that promotes dentate gyrus neurogenesis and showed disease-modifying effects in transgenic Alzheimer mouse models. No human trials have been published.

PE-22-28 (mini-spadin) is a 7-amino-acid fragment of the sortilin-derived peptide spadin that blocks the TREK-1 potassium channel with sub-nanomolar affinity and shows rapid antidepressant-like effects in rodent models.